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DEPARTMENT OF RHEUMATOLOGY

Excellence in Rheumatology Care - IRIS

Rheumatology Hand Rheumatology Leg Rheumatology



What is Arthritis?

Pain and swelling of joints and surrounding structures is called Arthritis. Arthritis affects people of all age groups. They can affect one joint or multiple joints. However, some so-called arthritis can involve not just joints but other organs such as skin, lungs, kidney, brain, heart, etc.

Along with pain, Arthritis can also cause other symptoms like fever, skin rashes, weight loss, blood in urine, weakness, breathlessness, and so on to an extent.

Causes of Arthritis

Arthritis can be Degenerative or Inflammatory. Autoimmune diseases cause Inflammatory Arthritis, while wear and tear lead to Degenerative Joint Diseases. Diagnosis involves history, examination, and tests for accurate treatment.



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Why Treat Arthritis?

Every arthritis patient deserves a quality life. Advances in Rheumatology offer effective, affordable treatments to manage pain and prevent complications, helping patients live near-normal lives.



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Diagnosis & Treatment

Diagnosis includes assessing symptoms, physical exams, and diagnostic tests. Proper evaluation helps determine effective treatment options for managing arthritis and improving quality of life.



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Conditions We Effectively Treat and Manage


Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. These include disorders like Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Sjögren’s Syndrome. Symptoms can vary widely but often include joint pain, fatigue, and skin rashes. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment plans are crucial for managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Our specialized team offers comprehensive care to address these complex conditions effectively.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis

This common form of inflammatory arthritis affects individuals over 16, predominantly females. Symptoms include joint pain, swelling, and morning stiffness. Early diagnosis and treatment prevent deformities and organ damage.

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

The most common inflammatory arthritis in children includes types like Oligoarticular and Polyarticular. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing symptoms and improving quality of life effectively.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

This condition affects the spine, hips, and shoulders, mainly in young males. Causes pain and stiffness. Early treatment prevents joint fusion and alleviates symptoms, enhancing mobility and quality of life.

Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

This autoimmune disease affects joints and organs like the skin and kidneys, more common in females. Diagnosed with blood tests and treated with immunosuppressants to manage symptoms and prevent organ damage.

Reactive Arthritis

More common in young males, this condition causes painful spine and joint issues triggered by infections. Treated with anti-inflammatory medicines to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Psoriatic Arthritis

Seen in patients with psoriasis, this arthritis affects any joint. Treated with anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying medicines to manage symptoms and prevent joint damage, improving overall health.

Sjogren's Syndrome

Sicca syndrome (dry mouth and eyes), muscle and joint pain. Diagnosed with blood tests or lip biopsy. Early treatment helps manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Systemic Sclerosis

Skin thickening, organ involvement, including lungs and kidneys. Diagnosed by blood tests and imaging. Early therapy can prevent disease progression and manage symptoms effectively.

Mixed Connective Tissue Diseases

Joint pains, skin thickening, organ involvement, and Raynaud’s phenomenon. Diagnosed with clinical exams, blood tests, and imaging. Comprehensive treatment plans improve patient outcomes.

Rheumatic Disease Information

Dermatomyositis

Muscle weakness, skin symptoms like rashes and swelling. Diagnosed with blood tests, EMG, muscle biopsy. Early treatment yields good outcomes and prevents complications.

Polymyositis

Muscle weakness, possible organ involvement, particularly lungs. Diagnosed with blood tests, EMG, and biopsy. Early treatment improves muscle strength and overall health outcomes.

Takayasu's Arteritis

Inflammation of major blood vessels, common in young females. Diagnosed with clinical exams, blood tests, and imaging. Early treatment is essential to prevent serious complications.

Giant Cell Arteritis & Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Affects large blood vessels causing headaches, jaw pain, and muscle stiffness. Diagnosed by clinical findings, blood tests, and imaging. Treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants to prevent complications.

Gout & CPPD Arthropathy

Caused by excess uric acid or calcium pyrophosphate deposition, leading to painful joint inflammation. Treated with anti-inflammatory medications and uric acid-lowering therapies for effective management.

Wegener's Granulomatosis & Microscopic Polyangiitis

Inflammation of small blood vessels affecting various organs. Diagnosed with blood tests, imaging, and biopsy. Treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants to control symptoms and prevent damage.

Rheumatic Disease Information

Polyarteritis Nodosa

Medium vessel vasculitis causing organ damage. Treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Life-threatening if untreated, requires early diagnosis and aggressive management for best outcomes.

Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura

Small vessel disease common in children, causing skin rash, abdominal pain, and kidney issues. Diagnosed with blood tests, urine tests, and biopsies. Generally, has a good prognosis.

Haemophilic Arthropathy

Blood clotting disorder causing joint issues and damage. Treated with clotting factor replacement therapy to prevent joint deterioration and manage bleeding episodes effectively.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reactive Arthritis Psoriatic Arthritis Sjogren's Syndrome Systemic Sclerosis Mixed Connective Tissue Diseases Dermatomyositis Polymyositis Takayasu's Arteritis Giant Cell Arteritis & Polymyalgia Rheumatica Gout & CPPD Arthropathy Wegener's Granulomatosis & Microscopic Polyangiitis Polyarteritis Nodosa Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura Haemophilic Arthropathy Metabolic Arthropathies
Rheumatoid Arthritis Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reactive Arthritis Psoriatic Arthritis Sjogren's Syndrome Systemic Sclerosis Mixed Connective Tissue Diseases Dermatomyositis Polymyositis Takayasu's Arteritis Giant Cell Arteritis & Polymyalgia Rheumatica Gout & CPPD Arthropathy Wegener's Granulomatosis & Microscopic Polyangiitis Polyarteritis Nodosa Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura Haemophilic Arthropathy Metabolic Arthropathies
Degenerative Joint Diseases

Degenerative joint diseases, such as Osteoarthritis and Cervical Spondylosis, involve the gradual deterioration of joint structures. Common symptoms include pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Early intervention with physiotherapy, pain management, and lifestyle changes can alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Our team provides personalized care to effectively manage these conditions and enhance overall well-being.
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Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia

Characterized by generalized pain affecting multiple body sites, commonly in females. Includes physiotherapy and medication for treatment.

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Myofascial Pain Syndromes

Myofascial Pain Syndromes

Associated with pain and tightness in localized areas. Managed through exercise, physical modalities, and medications.

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Cervical Spondylosis

Cervical Spondylosis

Results from wear and tear of the neck spine bones. Treated with painkillers and graded physiotherapy.


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Rotator Cuff Tendinitis

Rotator Cuff Tendinitis

Characterized by wear and tear of the rotator cuff muscles. Managed with painkillers and graded physiotherapy.

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Medial Epicondylitis (Golfers Elbow)

Medial Epicondylitis (Golfers Elbow)

Characterized by pain in the medial elbows. Treated with physiotherapy, rest, and pain relievers.


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Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

Characterized by pain in the lateral elbows. Treated with physiotherapy, rest, and pain relievers.


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Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis

The most common joint disease, caused by wear and tear. Managed with physiotherapy and painkillers, with possible joint replacement.

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Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

Occurs after trauma and involves neural mediation. Treated with bisphosphonates and alpha-blockers, as painkillers are ineffective.

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Osteomalacia & Vitamin D Deficiency

Osteomalacia & Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency affects bone health. Managed by increasing sunlight exposure and Vitamin D supplementation.

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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

Characterized by decreased calcium levels, leading to fractures. Diagnosed by X-rays and Dexa scans; managed with timely treatment.

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Plantar Fasciitis

Plantar Fasciitis

Causes heel pain due to muscle attachment wear and tear. Treated with physiotherapy and changes in footwear.

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Bursitis

Bursitis

Inflammation of bursae affecting joints. Commonly affects shoulder, elbow, hip. Treated with rest, ice, and pain relievers.

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Juvenile Arthritis

  • Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
  • Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Juvenile Dermatomyositis
  • Juvenile Scleroderma
  • Vasculitis
  • Henoch Schoenlein Purpura

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

This is the most common form of arthritis seen in childhood. The disease is estimated to affect nearly 1 million children across India. This is a common cause for deformity and disability in children. There are different subtypes of this disease namely- Polyarticular, Oligoarticular, Enthesitis related and Systemic Onset. Occasionally the disease can affect structures other than joints as eyes. These diseases are eminently manageable if diagnosed and treated early on. The most important prognostic factor is the subtype of JIA and the duration of untreated disease. If left untreated the disease causes significant pain and deformities leading to poor quality of life, loss of school days and lifelong disability. The diagnosis is made by clinical examination and relevant laboratory investigations. Management includes use of Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), and judicious use of NSAIDs, Corticosteroids and biological agents in case of refractory disease.

Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

This is an uncommon but serious disease affecting children. The disease has a multi-system presentation with involvement of joints, skin, kidneys, brain, and other vital organs. Left untreated the disease can have significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is by clinical examination and blood and urine tests. The disease requires careful monitoring preferably under a rheumatology supervision.

Juvenile Dermatomyositis

This is an inflammatory disease which affects muscles in addition to skin, joints, lungs, and other vital organs. The disease can present with joint pain, prolonged fever with muscle weakness. Diagnosis is by clinical examination and blood and urine tests. Occasionally MRI or EMG may be needed for diagnosis. The management includes judicious use of steroids and other immunosuppressants. Untreated the disease is often relentlessly progressive with irreversible muscle weakness or lung damage.

Juvenile Scleroderma

This is an uncommon rheumatic disease in children presenting with progressive skin thickening, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and other vital organ involvement. The disease is diagnosed by clinical evaluation and blood tests. Occasionally a CT scan or an ECHO may be required to assess heart or lung involvement. Treatment involves use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.

Vasculitis

These are uncommon diseases in children. The disease is characterized by inflammation of small blood vessels. The disease can affect any organ including skin, joints, nerves, kidneys etc. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management can be lifesaving.

Henoch Schoenlein Purpura

These are uncommon diseases in children. The disease is characterized by inflammation of small blood vessels. The disease can affect any organ including skin, joints, nerves, kidneys etc. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management can be lifesaving.